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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances and learner-internal elements, were important. RIs from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor as the primary reason for their rational decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see example 2). This article examines all local research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal differences in communicative behavior. Additionally the DCT is prone to bias and can result in overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or evaluation. Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a strength. This can assist researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the primary tools for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues such as politeness, turn taking, and lexical selection. It can be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners speaking. A recent study employed a DCT to evaluate EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the options offered. The researchers found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection. DCTs can be developed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of assessing refusal ability. A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study looked at Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs often chose to defy native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories and their relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' rational choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they were a sign of a pragmatic resistance. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders who were independent, were then coded. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 coding results are then evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior. Interviews with Refusal One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist the pragmatic norms of native speakers. Recent research attempted to answer this question with several experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not adhere to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce patterns that resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and advantages. For example, they described how their relationships with professors facilitated an easier performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural norms of their university. However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they might be subjected to if they strayed from their social norms. They were worried that their native interactants might perceive them as “foreigners” and think they are not intelligent. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the impact of different cultures on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. Additionally, this will help educators create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that employs deep, participatory investigations to explore a particular subject. It is a method that uses multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful for examining specific or complex subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods. In a case study, the first step is to define the subject as well as the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial for research and which could be left out. It is also useful to review the existing research to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the situation in a larger theoretical context. This case study was based upon an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from the correct pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, further detracting from their quality of response. Additionally, the participants in this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their third or second year of university and were aiming for level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies to use when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.